Estrategia intersectorial para el perfeccionamiento del programa de médico y enfermera de la familia

Introducción: La Medicina Familiar cubana se enfrenta hoy a nuevos retos para su perfeccionamiento, esto implica realizar un fortalecimiento del primer nivel de atención para garantizar mejoría en la calidad de los servicios para lo cual la intersectorialidad se ha consolidado como pilar fundamental. Objetivo: Diseñar y evaluar una estrategia de intervención intersectorial para perfeccionar el programa del médico y la enfermera de la familia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental de intervención a través de una estrategia intersectorial para perfeccionar el programa del médico y enfermera de la familia, en el período de diciembre de 2019 a diciembre de 2022 en la provincia Las Tunas. El universo estuvo conformado por 867 trabajadores del cual se seleccionó una muestra de 330. Se realizó en cuatro etapas: diagnóstica, de intervención, validación y de evaluación. Se empleó como medida de resumen para variables cualitativas el porcentaje, para la validación estadística de los cambios antes y después la prueba de Mc Nemar y para la validación teórica de la estrategia intersectorial se utilizó la matriz de Chanlat. Resultados: La aplicación de la estrategia mejoró el nivel de conocimientos en los equipos básicos de salud y en los actores sociales, se revitalizaron el 93,5 % de las acciones comunitarias e intersectoriales, se modificó el cuadro de salud en el 89,4 % y se elevó en un 94,1 % el nivel de satisfacción de la comunidad con los servicios prestados por el consultorio médico de la familia. Se demostró que es pertinente la aplicación de la estrategia en la práctica social mediante los resultados de la efectividad esperada. Conclusiones: La estrategia permitió perfeccionar el programa del médico y enfermera de la familia a través de la puesta en práctica de un programa intersectorial de forma integral, consciente, participativo y sistemático.

Introduction: Cuban Family Medicine faces today new challenges for its improvement; this implies strengthening the first level of care to guarantee improvement in the quality of services for which intersectorality has been consolidated as a fundamental pillar. Objective: To design and to evaluate an intersectoral intervention strategy to improve the program of the family doctor and nurse. Methods: A quasi-experimental intervention study was carried out through an intersectoral strategy to improve the family doctor and nurse program, from December 2019 to December 2022 in Las Tunas. The universe consisted of 867 workers from which a sample of 330 was selected. It was carried out in four stages: diagnostic, intervention, validation and evaluation. The percentage was used as a summary measure for qualitative variables, for the statistical validation of the changes before and after the Mc Nemar test and for the theoretical validation of the intersectoral strategy the Chanlat matrix was used. Results: With the application of the strategy, the level of knowledge in the basic health teams and in the social actors was improved, 93.5 % of the community and intersectoral actions were revitalized, modified the health picture in 89.4 % and the level of satisfaction of the community with the services provided by the CMF increased by 94.1 %. It was demonstrated that the application of the strategy in social practice through the results of the expected effectiveness of the strategy. Conclusions: The strategy made it possible to improve the family doctor and nurse program through the implementation of an intersectoral program in a comprehensive, conscious, participatory and systematic way.

Gestão da pandemia de COVID-19: a perspetiva de uma unidade de cuidados de saúde primários portuguesa / Management of the COVID-19 pandemic: perspective of a Portuguese primary health care unit / Manejo de la pandemia de COVID-19: la perspectiva de una unidad de atención primaria de salud portuguesa

Os médicos de família (MF) têm desempenhado um papel crucial na gestão da pandemia COVID-19 em todo o mundo. A partilha da experiência e das metodologias de trabalho desenvolvidas neste contexto têm sido fundamentais para garantir cuidados de saúde adequados à comunidade. Neste trabalho, são descritas as estratégias organizacionais e ferramentas desenvolvidas em Portugal para dar resposta à pandemia, particularmente as metodologias desenvolvidas numa unidade de saúde familiar na área metropolitana de Lisboa. Estas permitiram garantir o seguimento dos doentes de COVID-19, mantendo-se paralelamente a atividade assistencial aos restantes grupos vulneráveis. As competências basilares dos MF, como a proximidade e o conhecimento das comunidades, associadas a uma enorme capacidade de adaptação e reorganização de equipa, são determinantes-chave para que esta crise sanitária seja ultrapassada.

Family physicians (FP) have been playing a pivotal role in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. Sharing the learning and work methodologies developed in this context has been essential to ensure adequate health care to the communities. This work reports the organizational strategies and tools developed in Portugal to face the pandemic. Particular focus is given to the methodologies developed in a family health unit in the metropolitan area of Lisbon, which have allowed to ensure the surveillance of COVID-19 patients, while maintaining assistance activities to other vulnerable groups. The core competencies of FP, such as proximity and knowledge of the communities, together with an enormous capacity for adaptation and reorganization of the teams, are key determinants to overcome this health crisis.

Los médicos de familia (MF) han desempeñado un papel fundamental en la gestión de la pandemia de COVID-19 en todo el mundo. El intercambio de aprendizajes y metodologías de trabajo desarrolladas en ese contexto ha sido fundamental para asegurar una adecuada atención sanitaria a la populación. En este trabajo se describen las estrategias organizativas y herramientas desarrolladas en Portugal para responder a la pandemia, en especial las metodologías desarrolladas en una unidad de salud familiar en el área metropolitana de Lisboa, que han permitido garantizar la vigilancia de los pacientes COVID-19, manteniendo en paralelo la actividad asistencial al resto de colectivos vulnerables. Las competencias básicas del MF, como la proximidad y el conocimiento de las comunidades, asociadas a una enorme capacidad de adaptación y reorganización de equipos, son determinantes clave para superar esa crisis sanitaria.

Análise da produção científica sobre a síndrome de burnout em médicos da atenção primária: uma revisão narrativa com busca sistematizada / Analysis of the scientific production on burnout syndrome in primary care physicians: A narrative review with systematic search / Análisis de la producción científica sobre el síndrome de burnout en médicos de atención primaria: una revisión narrativa con búsqueda sistemática

Introdução: A síndrome de burnout é um transtorno adaptativo ao estresse crônico no ambiente laboral, com consequências tanto na saúde e na qualidade de vida do profissional quanto em sua organização e desempenho no trabalho. Médicos de todas as especialidades estão vulneráveis ao desenvolvimento da síndrome de burnout. Aqueles que atuam na atenção primária à saúde ­ generalistas e médicos de família e comunidade ­ parecem apresentar maior risco, visto que estão expostos a diversos estressores no trabalho. As pesquisas sobre a síndrome de burnout em médicos da atenção primária à saúde vêm ganhando destaque nos últimos 20 anos, e a escassez de estudos no Brasil dificulta a caracterização do real impacto dessa síndrome nesses profissionais. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura na busca por publicações relacionadas à síndrome de burnout em médicos da atenção primária à saúde e analisá-las, sistematizando as áreas de interesse. Métodos: Revisão narrativa da literatura sobre a síndrome de burnout em médicos da atenção primária à saúde, por meio de busca sistematizada nas bases eletrônicas PubMed e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), utilizando os seguintes descritores: "burnout, professional", "physicians, primary care" e "physicians, family". A busca foi realizada em outubro de 2018 e possibilitou a identificação de 192 publicações, das quais 55 foram incluídas na análise e categorizadas quanto a ano de publicação, país de origem, desenho do estudo e áreas de interesse. Resultados: A maior parte dos estudos era do tipo observacional descritivo transversal, metodologia utilizada em 40 trabalhos. Também foram identificadas duas revisões sistemáticas de estudos observacionais, dois estudos descritivos qualitativos, dois estudos longitudinais de coorte, dois ensaios clínicos randomizados, dois artigos de opinião, dois editoriais, um ensaio temporal, uma série temporal e um estudo de caso. Identificamos uma variedade de temas investigados sobre a síndrome de burnout em médicos da atenção primária à saúde, mas são frequentes estudos observacionais que descrevem a prevalência da síndrome nesses profissionais e as diversas variáveis de associação. As mais frequentemente estudadas são as sociodemográficas e as relacionadas ao ambiente laboral ou ao profissional. Percebe-se escassez de estudos que levantem dados epidemiológicos em médicos da atenção primária à saúde no Brasil, passo importante para o conhecimento de como essa síndrome se comporta em nosso meio. Conclusões: Fazem-se necessárias pesquisas de prevalência e sobre o impacto da síndrome de burnout nos médicos da atenção primária à saúde, que investiguem principalmente fatores relacionados ao ambiente e ao processo laboral. Ensaios clínicos podem prover evidências no combate eficaz ao burnout. Estudos qualitativos podem levantar dados sobre as motivações dos profissionais, além de comportamentos, opiniões e expectativas, direcionando estratégias para o enfrentamento dessa síndrome.

Introduction: Burnout syndrome is an adjustment disorder related to chronic stress in the work environment, with consequences both to the professional's health and quality of life and to their work organization and performance. Physicians from all specialties are vulnerable to the development of burnout syndrome. Those who work in primary health care ­ general practitioners and family physicians ­ seem to be at higher risk since they are exposed to several stressors in their practice. Research on burnout syndrome in primary care physicians has been gaining prominence in the past 20 years, but the scarcity of studies in Brazil makes it difficult to characterize the real impact of this syndrome on these professionals. Objective: To review the literature searching for publications related to burnout syndrome in primary care physicians and analyze them, systematizing the areas of interest. Methods: This is a narrative literature review on the burnout syndrome in primary care physicians based on a systematic search in the electronic databases PubMed and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), using the following descriptors: "burnout, professional", "physicians, primary care", and "physicians, family". The search was conducted in October 2018 and allowed the identification of 192 publications, of which 55 were included in the analysis and categorized according to the year of publication, country of origin, study design, and areas of interest. Results: Most studies (40) adopted an observational descriptive cross-sectional design. We also found two systematic reviews of observational studies, two qualitative descriptive studies, two longitudinal cohort studies, two randomized clinical trials, two opinion papers, two editorials, one time trial, one time series, and one case study. We foundmany topics investigating burnout syndrome in primary care physicians, but the studies are often observational and describe the prevalence of the syndrome in these professionals and the various associated variables. The most frequently studied variables are sociodemographic aspects and those related to the work environment or to the professional. Studies collecting epidemiological data about primary care physicians in Brazil are scarce, but this is an important step toward understanding how this syndrome behaves in our context. Conclusions: We need studies on the prevalence and impact of burnout syndrome on primary care physicians that can particularly investigate factors related to the environment and the work process. Clinical trials can provide evidence to combat burnout effectively. Qualitative studies can collect data on the motivations of professionals, as well as their behaviors, opinions, and expectations, guiding strategies for coping with this syndrome.

Introducción: el Síndrome de Burnout es un trastorno adaptativo al estrés crónico en el entorno laboral, con consecuencias tanto en la salud y calidad de vida del profesional, como en la organización y desempeño en el trabajo. Médicos de todas las especialidades son vulnerables al desarrollo de Síndrome de Burnout. Los que trabajan en la atención primaria de salud (APS) ­ médicos generales y los médicos de familia y de la comunidad ­ parecen correr un mayor riesgo, ya que están expuestos a diversos estresores en el trabajo. La investigación sobre Síndrome de Burnout en médicos de atención primaria de salud ha ido ganando protagonismo en los últimos veinte años y la escasez de estudios en Brasil dificulta la caracterización del impacto real de este síndrome en estos profesionales. Objetivo: revisar la literatura en la búsqueda de publicaciones relacionadas con la Síndrome de Burnout en médicos de la atención primaria de salud y analizarlas, sistematizando las áreas de interés. Métodos: revisión narrativa de la literatura sobre Síndrome de Burnout en médicos de atención primaria de salud, mediante búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed y SciELO, utilizando los siguientes descriptores: "Burnout, Professional", "Physicians, Primary Care" y "Physicians, Family". La búsqueda se realizó en octubre de 2018 y permitió identificar 192 publicaciones, de las cuales 55 fueron incluidas para análisis y categorizadas según año de publicación, país de origen, diseño del estudio y áreas de interés. Resultados: la mayoría de los estudios fueron de tipo observacional transversal, siendo esta metodología utilizada en 40 estudios. También se identificaron dos revisiones sistemáticas de estudios observacionales, dos estudios descriptivos cualitativos, dos estudios de cohortes longitudinales, dos ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, dos artículos de opinión, dos editoriales, una contrarreloj, una serie temporal y un estudio de caso. Identificamos una variedad de temas investigados sobre Síndrome de Burnout en médicos de atención primaria de salud, pero son frecuentes los estudios observacionales que describen la prevalencia del síndrome en estos profesionales y las distintas variables de asociación. Las más estudiadas son las sociodemográficas y las relacionadas con el entorno laboral o con el profesional. Faltan estudios que levanten datos epidemiológicos en médicos de atención primaria de salud en Brasil, un paso importante para comprender cómo se comporta este síndrome en nuestro país. Conclusiones: es necesaria una investigación sobre la prevalencia y el impacto de la Síndrome de Burnout en los médicos de atención primaria de salud, investigando principalmente factores relacionados con el entorno y el proceso de trabajo. Los ensayos clínicos pueden proporcionar evidencia en la lucha eficaz contra el burnout. Los estudios cualitativos pueden levantar datos sobre las motivaciones de los profesionales, además de comportamientos, opiniones y expectativas, orientando estrategias para afrontar este síndrome.

Profile and Migration of Members of Residency Programs in Family Medicine / Perfil e migração de membros dos Programas de Residência em Medicina de Família e Comunidade

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the sociodemographic profile and analyze the migratory characteristics of the members of the Residency Programs in Family Medicine in 2020 in Brazil. METHODS The study follows a cross-sectional observational design of a quantitative nature from the perspective of the members of the Residency Programs in Family Medicine. Questionnaires adapted for each participating group were developed, applied through an online platform. RESULTS Most participants are female and white. Most supervisors and preceptors were residents of Residency Programs in Family Medicine, however, there are some who are not specialists in the field. Most participants are based in capitals or metropolitan regions. In relation to retention, 41.1% of supervisors and 73.1% of preceptors are affiliated to a program in the same municipality where they lived. For most resident physicians, the place of residence coincides with the place of birth and/or graduation (57.4%), and 48.5% are in the same place of graduation. CONCLUSIONS The research reinforces the need for policies to promote the migration of residents to Residency Programs in Family Medicine outside capital cities and metropolitan regions, as well as encouraging the retention of graduates trained outside large urban centers so that they can contribute to distribution and provision of doctors where they are still needed.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico e analisar as características migratórias dos integrantes dos Programas de Residência em Medicina de Família e Comunidade em 2020 no Brasil. MÉTODOS O estudo segue um delineamento observacional transversal de natureza quantitativa a partir da perspectiva dos integrantes dos Programas de Residência em Medicina de Família e Comunidade. Foram desenvolvidos questionários adaptados para cada grupo participante, aplicados por meio de plataforma on-line. RESULTADOS A maioria dos participantes é do sexo feminino e de cor branca. A maioria dos supervisores e preceptores foi residente de Programas de Residência em Medicina de Família e Comunidade, contudo, há alguns que não são especialistas na área. A maior parte dos participantes está vinculada às capitais ou regiões metropolitanas. Em relação à fixação, 41,1% dos supervisores e 73,1% dos preceptores estão vinculados a um programa no mesmo município onde foram residentes. Para a maioria dos médicos residentes, o local da residência coincide com o local de nascimento e/ou graduação (57,4%), sendo que 48,5% estão no mesmo local de graduação. CONCLUSÕES A pesquisa reforça a necessidade de políticas de promoção da migração de residentes para Programas de Residência em Medicina de Família e Comunidade fora das capitais e regiões metropolitanas, bem como estimula a fixação dos egressos formados fora dos grandes centros urbanos para que eles possam contribuir com a distribuição e com o provimento de médicos onde ainda é necessário.

Study on the influence of residents′ psychological contracts on their behavioral intentions from the perspective of incomplete contracts / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the psychological contract satisfaction of contracted residents and its impact on their behavioral intentions under the guidance of incomplete contract theory, for reference in improving the effectiveness of contracted family doctor services.Methods:1 100 contracted residents from nine townships/streets in Shandong province were selected as subjects according to stratified random sampling from September 2019 to June 2020, and a questionnaire survey on the level of satisfaction of contracted residents′ psychological contracts(24 items) and assessment of behavior intentions(9 items) was conducted, and the model of the effect of contracted residents′ psychological contracts on behavior intentions was established and analyzed. The correlation was validated by Pearson test and the structural equation method was used for verifying the model.Results:998 valid questionnaires were recovered. The psychological contract satisfaction score of the contracted residents was 3.45±0.56 and the behavioral intention was 2.81±0.29. Both transactional and relational psychological contracts were correlated with all dimensions of behavioral intention( P<0.01). Concerning the impacts of residents′ psychological contracts on behavioral intentions, the effect coefficients of transactional psychological contracts on loyalty intention, voice intention, exit intention and neglect intention were 0.33, 0.24, -0.25 and -0.49 respectively, with an indirect effect on neglect intention; the effect coefficients of relational psychological contracts on loyalty intention, voice intention, exit intention and neglect intention were 0.26, 0.10, -0.14 and -0.50 respectively, with an indirect effect on advice intention and neglect intention. Conclusions:Residents′ psychological contract has yet not been effectively satisfied. Satisfying and improving the residents′ psychological contract can directly enhance their loyalty intention and reduce their exit intention, indirectly influencing the voice and neglect intentions. In order to enhance the effectiveness of family doctor contracted services and improve the healthcare experience of contracted residents, it is suggested that the relevant departments should actively take the following measures, including carrying out a survey on the psychological contract of contracted residents, building a provincial-city-county-township collaborative linkage platform, and so on.

Uso de la biblioteca médica por residentes de Medicina General Integral del municipio de Niquero / Use of the medical library by residents of Comprehensive General Medicine specialty in Niquero municipality

RESUMEN Fundamento: Las bibliotecas constituyen una fuente indispensable de recursos instructivos para la sociedad en general. En el campo de las Ciencias Médicas contribuyen a la formación de especialistas en Medicina General Integral. Objetivo: Determinar el uso que hacen de la Biblioteca Médica los residentes de la especialidad de Medicina General Integral del Policlínico "Ernesto Guevara" de Niquero. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, de corte transversal. El universo de estudio estuvo conformado por los 51 residentes de esta especialidad. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos-matemáticos (frecuencia absoluta y porcentaje). Las variables estudiadas fueron: frecuencia de visita, uso de los servicios prestados y las fuentes de información consultadas. Resultados: Predominaron los residentes que visitaban la biblioteca ocasionalmente (56.9 %). El servicio más demandado fue la búsqueda de información (92.2 %). La fuente de información que más se usó fue la consulta de revistas, el 96.1 % de los encuestados. Conclusiones: Teniendo en cuenta los resultados, existen fisuras en la interacción de los usuarios (médicos-residentes) con las oportunidades opciones que ofrece la Biblioteca Médica del municipio de Niquero, lo cual se evidencia en el limitado aprovechamiento que realizan de este servicio los futuros especialistas en Medicina General Integral.

ABSTRACT Background: Libraries are an indispensable source of instructional resources for society in general. In the field of Medical Sciences, they contribute to the training of specialists in Comprehensive General Medicine. Objective: To determine the use that residents of the Comprehensive General Medicine specialty of the `` Ernesto Guevara '' Polyclinic in Niquero make of the Medical Library. Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive observational study was carried out. The study universe was made up of the 51 residents of this specialty. Theoretical, empirical and statistical-mathematical methods (absolute frequency and percentage) were used. The variables studied were: frequency of visits, use of the services provided and the sources of information consulted. Results: Residents who visited the library occasionally predominated, 56.9%. The information search was the service mostly known by them, 92.2%. The most requested source of information was the consultation of magazines, 96.1% of those surveyed. Conclusions: According to the results of the study, it is necessary to take full advantage of the strengths offered by the Medical Library in the municipality of Niquero to increase the informational competencies in residents of the Comprehensive General Medicine specialty, for their training with great scientificity.

Study on contract renewal willingness and influencing factors of contracted residents to family doctor service in Shandong Province / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To understand the willingness of contracted residents to renew the family doctor contract service in Shandong Province, and to explore its influencing factors.Methods:From July to August 2020, 1 500 contracted residents in 3cities of Shandong Province were investigated by questionnaire survey.Descriptive statistical analysis, Mann-Whitney U test and binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the contracted residents′ cognition, utilization, satisfaction evaluation and renewal intention of family doctor contract service. Results:1 445 valid questionnaires were obtained, of which 682(47.2%)were willing to renew their contracts.The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that marital status, educational level, time to see a doctor in contracted institutions, optimism about the development prospect of contracted service policy, whether the proportion of medical insurance reimbursement increased after signing the contract, whether follow-up work was carried out on time, satisfaction with family doctor service attitude and satisfaction with the effect of disease treatment were factors affecting the willingness of contracted residents to renew the contract.Conclusions:The contracted residents in Shandong Province have a high willingness to renew their contracts. On the basis of consolidating and improving the policy cognition and confidence of the contracted residents, we should actively optimize and improve the contracted service quality, ensure the sense of service access of contracted residents, and continuously and effectively realize the comprehensive promotion of the contracted services of family doctors.

Study on middle-aged and elderly people′ willingness for family doctor contracting and its influencing factors / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To investigate the middle-aged and elderly people′ willingness for family doctor service contracts and its influencing factors, and to provide feasible suggestions for the implementation and promotion of family doctor services.Methods:Stratified random sampling method was adopted to select middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 in 6 urban areas of Xuzhou city for questionnaire survey to investigate their illness, medical treatment and their willingness to contract a family doctor. The data acquired were analyzed with statistical description, univariate analysis( χ2 test), and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results:Among the 927 valid questionnaires were recovered, 272(29.34%)of them intended to contract a family doctor, and 655(70.66%)had no such intention. Results of multivariate logistic regression showed that the influencing factors of the middle-aged and elderly people′ willingness of contracting family doctors were age, occupation, self-rated health, treatment status within two weeks, chronic diseases, referral experience and their knowledge of family physician contract system.Conclusions:Middle-aged and elderly people at large are not willing to sign up for family doctors. It is recommended to focus the publicity efforts on those who are relatively younger age, farming and healthier, enhancing their awareness of the service, and encouraging them to support the dual-referral policy. These efforts are expected to promote the coordinated progress of both dual referral and family doctor contract service, hence achieving the national coverage of the family doctor system.

Analysis on the implementation optimization path of family physician contract service from the perspective of supplier / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the cognition and willingness of family physicians on contracted service, and to explore the implementation obstacles and feasible strategies of implementing contracted service of family physicians from the perspective of suppliers.Methods:From July to October 2020, 850 family physicians in community health service centers or township health centers in three cities of Shandong Province were investigated by questionnaire survey and key person interview. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the willingness of family physicians to provide contracted service. Through questionnaire survey and key person interview, the implementation obstacles and service optimization strategies of family physicians were discussed.Results:791 valid questionnaires were obtained, of which 688(87.0%) approved the implementation of family physician contract service, and 679(85.8%) expressed willingness to provide family physician contract service. Marital status, recognition of service policy, satisfaction of service operation effect, optimistic degree of service development prospect and residents′ first choice of illness were the factors influencing family physician′s service willingness.Conclusions:We should effectively improve the family doctor′s service intention and promote the efficient and orderly implementation of family doctor′s contract service policy through enriching policy supporting measures, innovating the application of " Internet plus" , increasing personnel training, optimizing performance appraisal work and creating favorable public opinion environment.

Resultados del examen periódico de salud en adultos mayores / Results of Periodic Health Examination of Older Adults

RESUMEN Fundamento: el examen periódico de salud constituye una herramienta que emplea el médico de familia para iniciar el proceso de evaluación en adultos mayores. Objetivo: describir los resultados del examen periódico de salud en el Policlínico Universitario Pedro Borrás Astorga de Pinar del Río. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal en el Policlínico Universitario Pedro Borrás Astorga de Pinar del Río durante el año 2018. La muestra de estudio estuvo constituida por 7 337 adultos mayores. Los datos fueron obtenidos a partir de las historias clínicas, así como los resultados de los exámenes periódicos de salud realizados. Las variables utilizadas en el estudio fueron: datos generales del paciente, grupo dispensarial, número de exámenes periódicos de salud según año, afectaciones según escala geriátrica y estado global. El procesamiento estadístico de los datos se realizó utilizando frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino con 54,6 %, así como el grupo de edad de 65 y más años con 68,6 %. Prevaleció el grupo dispensarial III con 82,6 % fundamentalmente en féminas. El número de exámenes periódicos de salud fueron superiores en el 2016 con 3 885 respecto a los años anteriores, donde las afectaciones según escala geriátrica se evidenciaron en el uso de fármacos con 52,2 %. El estado global funcional fue superior al frágil en un 72,6 %. Conclusiones: se evidenció un predominio del sexo femenino, así como el grupo de edad de 65 y más años. Prevaleció el grupo dispensarial III y el número de exámenes periódicos de salud en el 2016 respecto a los años anteriores, las afectaciones según escala geriátrica se evidenciaron en el uso de fármacos, además de la superioridad del estado funcional global.

ABSTRACT Foundation: periodical health examination is a tool the family doctor uses to begin the process of evaluation in older adults. Objective: to describe the results of periodical health examinations in the University Polyclinic Pedro Borrás Astorga. Method: a cross study was conducted at the University Polyclinic Pedro Borrás Astorga in Pinar del Río during in 2018. The sample was 7 337 older adults. Data were collected from clinical histories so as from the health periodical examinations realized. The variables under study were: patient general information, dispense group, number of periodical health exams according to the year, affections regarding geriatric scale and general state. Data statistic processing was done using absolute frequency and percentages Results: female sex predominated with 54,6 %, so as the age group of 65 or more 68,6 %. Despense group III prevailed 82,6 % mainly in women. The number of health periodical exams was higher in 2016, 3 885 compared to previous years where affections according to the geriatric scale showed use of drugs in 52,2 % of the patients. Global functional state was higher to the fragile level in 72,6 %. Conclusion: there was a preponderance of the female sex so as the age group of 65 and more. Dispense group III predominated and the number of periodical health exams in 2016 regarding previous years, affections with respect to the geriatric scale evidenced the use of drugs so as a superiority of the global functional state.

Médicos de Família e Cuidados Paliativos: contribuições ao currículo baseado em competências / Family Physicians and Palliative Care: contributions to the competency-based curriculum / Médicos de Familia y Cuidados Paliativos: contribuciones al currículo basado en competencias

O panorama epidemiológico atual mostra um aumento de doenças crônicas ameaçadoras à vida, tornando os Cuidados Paliativos essenciais à prática médica, em todos os níveis de atenção. O papel do médico de família na atenção primária à sáude motivou a Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade a elaborar um currículo baseado em competências, que incluiu os Cuidados Paliativos. Ao analisar e discutir as competências em Cuidados Paliativos, os autores identificaram a necessidade de melhorias e propuseram competências novas e ampliadas. A revisão periódica do currículo deve contemplar as mudanças e avanços na prática do médico de família e atender às demandas de cuidado, incluindo levar Cuidados Paliativos a todos.

The current epidemiological panorama shows an increase in life-threatening chronic diseases. Consequently, palliative care becomes essential to medical practice at all levels of the healthcare system. The role of the family physician in primary health care has motivated the Brazilian Society of Family and Community Medicine to develop a competency-based curriculum, which includes Palliative Care. The authors analysed, discussed and identified the need for improvements in palliative care. Thus, they proposed new and expanded competencies in palliative care for Brazilian family physicians. Periodic review of the curriculum should contemplate changes and advances in family physician's practice and meet the demands of health, including palliative care to everybody in primary care.

El panorama epidemiológico actual muestra un aumento de enfermedades crónicas que amenazan la vida, haciendo que los cuidados paliativos sean esenciales a la práctica médica, en todos los niveles de atención. El papel del médico de familia en la atención primaria a la salud motivó a la Sociedad Brasileña de Medicina de Familia y Comunidad a desarrollar un currículo basado en competencias que incluía Cuidados Paliativos. Al analizar y discutir competencias en Cuidados Paliativos, los autores identificaron la necesidad de mejoras y propusieron nuevas y ampliadas competencias. La revisión periódica del currículo debe incluir cambios y avances en la práctica del médico de familia y atender las demandas de cuidados, incluso llevando los Cuidados Paliativos a todos.

Reorganização do modelo de atenção às pessoas vivendo com HIV: A experiência do município de Florianópolis/SC / Reorganizing the patient care model for people living with HIV: The case of Florianópolis/SC / Reorganización del modelo de atención a personas que viven con VIH: La experiencia del municipio de Florianópolis/SC

Introdução: O Médico de Família e Comunidade tem como função cuidar dos agravos mais comuns em seu território adstrito e coordenar o cuidado dos usuários. A infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiêcia humana, por ser uma condição comum em várias populações e comunidades, deve ser uma doença de interesse deste profissional. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo descritivo, relato de experiência, vivenciado por preceptor e residente no município de Florianópolis. Resultados: O presente artigo pretende discutir a reorganização do atendimento às pessoas vivendo com o vírus e a importância da atenção primária na aplicação de diferentes abordagens preventivas e na construção da meta 90-90-90. Conclusão: A busca da descentralização no cuidado desta população mostra-se como uma grande potencialidade local para o cumprimento do objetivo de melhorar os indicadores de controle da doença, destacando-se fatores locais como a rede de atenção primária estruturada, a gestão eficiente e a busca da qualificação profissional.

Introduction: The Family Physician is responsible for coordinating and providing care to address the most common diseases in a particular territory. Given that the Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection affects various segments of the population, this professional should be aware about the issue. Methods: This is a descriptive report based on what the resident and his/her tutor experienced in Florianópolis. Results: The article discusses the reorganization of the patient care model in order to serve people living with the virus. It also explores the importance of Primary Health Care strategies adopted by the city government in order to use different preventive approaches and build 90-90-90 treatment targets. Conclusion: The decentralization in this population health care appear to be a local potentiality to improve the disease control, mainly because of the structured primary care, efficient management and search of professional qualification.

Introducción: El Médico de Familia y Comunidad tiene como función cuidar de las enfermedades más comunes en su territorio y coordinar el cuidado ofrecido a los usuarios del sistema de salud. La infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, por ser común en varias poblaciones y comunidades, debe ser una condición de interés para este profesional. Método: Esta publicación es una descripción basada en relato de la experiencia vivida por el preceptor y su residente en la ciudad de Florianópolis. Resultados: El presente artículo pretende discutir la reorganización de la atención a las personas que viven con el vírus y la importancia de la reorganización centrada en la Atencíon Pimaria de Salud para crear estrategias con diferentes enfoques preventivos y construir la meta 90-90-90. Conclusão: La descentralización del cuidado de esta población se muestra como una gran potencialidad local para cumplir el objetivo de mejorar los indicadores de control de la infección, resaltándose los fatores locales como la atención primaria organizada, la gestión eficiente y la búsqueda por la calificación profesional.

Intervención educativa para incrementar la severidad percibida del tabaquismo en pacientes fumadores / Educational intervention to increase the risk perception of smoking by smokers

RESUMEN Introducción: la Organización Mundial de la Salud registra al tabaquismo como la principal causa de muerte evitable en el mundo. De las diez primeras causas de muerte en Cuba, ocho de ellas están vinculados con esta adicción, lo cual constituye un reto para la población y las autoridades de salud. Objetivo: incrementar la severidad percibida acerca del tabaquismo en pacientes fumadores pertenecientes al Consultorio Pueblo Nuevo II, Policlínico Raúl Podio del municipio Media Luna en Granma, en el período octubre de 2015 - noviembre de 2017. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental, de intervención educativa, con una muestra constituida por 45 fumadores, a partir de un muestreo no probabilístico y el esquema intencional, se tuvieron en cuenta criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: la mayoría de los fumadores se encontraban entre 40 y 49 años, el 64,4 % pertenecían al sexo masculino, el 71,1 % de la muestra mantiene vínculo laboral, sobresalen los encuestados con nivel de escolaridad secundario. Antes de la intervención predominó una severidad percibida baja, manifestada en el 62,2 % de los casos y luego de la intervención desarrollada, el 95,6 % de las personas presentaron una severidad percibida alta. Conclusiones: con la implementación de la intervención educativa propuesta se logró incrementar la severidad percibida acerca del tabaquismo en los fumadores estudiados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the World Health Organization registers smoking as the main avoidable cause of death all over the world. Out of the ten leading causes of death in Cuba, eight of them are associated with this addiction, which constitutes a challenge for the population and health authorities. Objective: to increase the risk perception of smoking by the smokers from Pueblo Nuevo II Clinic, Raúl Podio Polyclinic belonging to Media Luna municipality in Granma, during October 2015 - November 2017. Methods: a quasi-experimental study of educational intervention was carried out, with a sample consisting of 45 smokers from a non-probabilistic sampling and the intentional scheme, taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: the majority of smokers were between 40 and 49 years old, 64,4 % belonged to male sex, 71,1 % of the sample had a work, and respondents with secondary education level stand out. Prior to the intervention, a low risk perception prevailed in 62,2 % of the cases and after the development of the intervention 95,6 % of the people presented a high risk perception. Conclusions: with the implementation of the proposed educational intervention it was possible to increase the risk perception of smoking by the smokers who participated in the study.

Analysis on the win-win development of family doctors to promote the combination of healthcare and elderly care / 中华医院管理杂志

The innovative healthcare plus elderly care model is a major move for China to combat population aging. Given its initial success, there still exist challenges in the systems and economic conditions, for which family doctors can play a key role as population health " gatekeepers" . From the perspective of supply-side reform, this paper analyzed the current progress and challenges in this regard, and proposed a win-win mode. This mode combined the advantages of the family doctor system to optimize the community-based healthcare and elderly care as well as aging care resources.Family doctors are centered to build a community elderly care supply mode, to promote mutual development of primary medical institutions and the elderly-healthcare sector in China.

Influence of policy support on the attitude of staff toward contracted service in community health service centers / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To explore the influence of policy support on attitude of staff toward contracted service in community health service ( CHS) centers in different areas of China. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select participants, and questionnaire survey was conducted among 192 staff (99 from Chengdu and 93 from Xiamen) from 4 community health service centers in Chengdu and Xiamen. In addition, documents on contracted service in CHS were collected and analyzed. EpiData software was used to establish database. Double input and cross-check were implemented. SAS version 9.4 was used for data analyses. Results Differences were found in goals, financial modes and insurances coverage in contracted service in the two areas. Among the 192 participants, 80.7% considered that contracted service was worth to carry out; 90.8% supported the implementation of contracted service in local settings and 78.1% were willing to take more work load on contracted service. In contrary, only 41.6% wished their child work as a family doctor. The main reasons for the negative attitudes were that the performance-based salary system had not been well established or implemented, and there was much more work load that resulted from contracted service. Conclusions The majority of the study subjects held positive attitude toward contracted service, but there were disparities between the four study sites. Relative policy and financial support, proper human resource distribution were critical determinants of contracted service.

Analysis of the doctor-patient trust strategies in family physicians contracted service from residents′perspectives / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To learn the current doctor-patient trust in contracted service of family physicians in suburban Beijing, and analyze its influencing factors from residents′ perspectives to propose countermeasures. Methods A total of 197 contracted residents were sampled from 12 community health service centers in 4 out of 10 suburb districts of Beijing, for a questionnaire survey using stratified random sampling method. Items of the questionnaire cover residents′knowledge of the family physicians′ contracted service, their trust of family physicians′ competence, and their trust level of the ethics and the influencing factors. Measurement data were calculated form the mean value, while the count data were subject to proportion analysis, frequency description and rank ordering. Results 175(88.8% )and 156(79.2% )of the contracted residents trust the ethics and competence of their family physicians. Whether the ethics trust exists between doctors and patients was decided by if residents′respect, care, and interests considerations taken into account by the physicians; the factors influencing the competence trust of the residents were the age, education of the residents, and whether the physicians display respect, care. Conclusions Upgrading the medical competence and ethical conduct is conducive to the establishment of doctor-patient trust. In the establishment of the family physicians contracted service, it is necessary to improve acceptance of the contracted residents. At the same time, medical ethics issues such as respect for care, privacy protection, and maximum interests of the residents in the process of medical treatment deserve further attention.

Investigation of family physicians′ needs for tertiary hospitals support in the hierarchical medical system / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To learn the needs of family physicians for tertiary hospital support in the hierarchical medical system. Methods In July 2017 cluster sampling was made to 135 family physicians of Changning district of Shanghai for a " Family physicians needs questionnaire" . It covered such aspects as their demographic characteristics and their needs. The data so acquired were subject to descriptive and logical analysis. Results 99.3% of them need preferential appointment of specialists at tertiary hospitals;93.3% of them need preferential appointment of examinations; 82.2% of them need preferential outpatient visits; while 83.7% of them need preferential hospitalization and surgery scheduling. In terms of the approaches for preferential appointment of specialists, 84.4% of them prefer specialist appointment at short notice, and 73.3% of them need direct online appointment for large-scale device examinations at tertiary hospitals. In terms of mentoring scenarios, 62.2% of them prefer mentoring during outpatient rounds at fixed schedules of specialists in their community. Conclusions Tertiary hospitals are recommended to establish green pathways for referrals and priority measures in order to improve capabilities of family physicians and the shared platform in the hierarchical medical network. They are also expected to guide family physicians in their research paper writing, thus fully supporting the hierarchical medical system.

Analysis of the promotional role of the family physicians′ contracted service for the hierarchical medical system in Dafeng Jiangsu province / 中华医院管理杂志

Taking Dafeng county of Jiangsu province as a pilot, this paper analyzed the mechanism of the family physicians′contracted service for achieving the hierarchical medical system. Such a system is designed to promote the contracted service of family physicians, comprising health management, convenient medical treatment, opinion leader, IT-based power, and capability enhancement. Authors of the paper rounded up data of the sample township from 2015 to 2017, and the practical effect of the family physicians′contracted service in promoting the hierarchical medical system. Their recommendations include:currently focusing on targeted groups and population of chronic diseases; elevating the contracting rate of pregnant women and children; motivating countywide medical communities in the promotion of the family physicians′contracted service, for joint efforts in developing the hierarchical medical system; leveraging the showcase of Dafeng for achieving the hierarchical medical system fitting local needs.

Effectiveness of home service in rehabilitation of post-stroke patients on recovering period / 中华全科医师杂志

One hundred and fifty eight post-stroke patients in the recovering period were divided into intervention group (78 cases) and control group (80 cases).Patients in intervention group received home rehabilitation service provided by general practitioners (GP) for 6 months,while patients in control group received routine rehabilitation.After 6-months,the scores of self-rated health measurement scale (SRHMS) in intervention group were significantly higher than those of control group (P ＜0.01);the visiting time and frequency,medical costs and time of caregiving were decreased (P ＜ 0.01);and the satisfaction score of the patients in intervention group was 97％.The results show that home rehabilitation service can improve effectiveness of rehabilitation for post-stroke patient in recovering period.

Family doctor team care reduces morbidity of disabled elderly in home care / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To assess the effect of family doctor team care on morbidity of disabled elderly in home care.Methods Eighty six disabled elderly patients with home care in Shanghai Xujiahui community were enrolled from February 2014 to January 2015.The patients were randomly divided into intervention group and control group with 43 cases in each.In intervention group,the family doctor team provided long-term,comprehensive and integrated care,and in control group the conventional home care was provided.The rates of morbidity and readmission to hospital were documented during the 3,6 and 12 monthfollow-up,and compared between two groups.Results The incidence rates of bedsore,pneumonia and deep vein thrombosis in intervention group was significantly lower than those in control group [after 6 months:4.9％ (2/41) vs.28.9％(11/38),x2 =8.311;2.4％ (1/41) vs.21.1％ (8/38),x2 =6.769;2.4％ (1/41) vs.15.8％ (6/38),x2 =4.353,respectively;after 12 months:2.4％ (1/41) vs.42.1％ (16/38),x2 =18.374;4.9％ (2/41)vs.28.9％ (11/38),x2 =8.311;7.3％ (3/41)vs.28.9％ (11/38),x2 =6.328,respectively;all P ＜0.05].The number of cases with bedsore healing(6/7 vs.0,x2 =18.555)and pneumonia recovery[5/6 vs.4.3％ (1/23),x2 =18.092] was significantly more and that with pneumonia deterioration (0 vs.52.2％ (12/23),x2 =5.340)was significantly less in intervention group than those in control group (all P ＜ 0.05).More cases with deep vein thrombosis improved(1/3 vs.0,x2 =3.949) and less cases with deep vein thrombosis deteriorated(0 vs.8/11,x2 =5.091) in intervention group than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).And both the readmission rate for home care patients [2.4％ (1/41) vs.36.8％ (14/38),x2 =15.175] and for patients with complications [1/12 vs.43.8％ (14/38),x2 =4.872] was much lower in intervention group than that in control group (both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The family doctor team care can reduce the risk of complications and readmission to hospital,and also can improve the quality of life of home care disabled elderly,as well as reduce the burden of family and society.